The Trouble with the "Liberal Media": Lydia Polgreen

 Don't get me wrong: I love the liberal media.

The New York Times, The New Yorker, PBS News. I buy subscriptions, read them watch them all the time. 

But it's like that aging hippie lady next door who is growing marijuana by the fence and who traps you when you are trying to weed the flower bed, to talk about feeding stray cats and racoons, who she believes would starve without a concerted community effort.

Gotta love her, but oh, plueeze spare me. 

And so we have the New York Times giving over 2 full pages of the Sunday Opinion section to Lydia Polgreen, a former New York Times writer, who believes fervently in gender fluidity and the cause of Transgender rights.

Lydia Polgreen

And, as is the practice of the New York Times, no answering article is provided.

It should be noted that the New England Journal of Medicine provides a statement in their letters to the editor section, and then a response to that statement as a matter of course.

There is no reason the NYT could not do this, other than hidebound tradition. "We've always done it this way."

So, what did Lydia Polgreen have to say which warranted this oceanic volume of column inches (7 columns spread out over 2 pages, with an illustration--the most ink devoted to a single topic since those huge banner headlines which filled an entire front page with "WAR!" in the 20th century.) This was not an opinion piece so much as a pamphlet.

Hilary Cass, MD

What provoked Ms. Polgreen so ardently is the publication of a 388 page report on "gender-affirming care" (aka "transgender medicine") published in April of this year by Hilary Cass, a retired pediatrician (italics mine--but the "retired" is used by Ms. Polgreen for obvious reasons) who had been the head of the British pediatric medical association, but who, Ms. Polgreen avers "had no direct experience with transgender care."

But first, a little background, which Ms. Polgreen does not provide, although she alludes to some parts of it.

Recognizing a Problem

The first thing Ms. Polgreen neglects to mention is the reason the study was commissioned by the British National Health Service: there has been an explosion in patients seeking care at British clinics for gender dysphoria, seeking gender changing therapy. It is difficult to suss out the numbers, but the NHS is particularly sensitive to the cost of therapies, and the Brits get pretty sticky about whether a new therapy is worth the taxpayers' money. So when any disease or clinic starts accounting for more cost, the Brits tend to notice:

According to a study commissioned by NHS England, 10 years ago there were just under 250 referrals, most of them boys, to the Gender Identity Development Service (Gids), run by the Tavistock and Portman NHS foundation trust in London.

Last year, there were more than 5,000, which was twice the number in the previous year. And the largest group, about two-thirds, now consisted of “birth-registered females first presenting in adolescence with gender-related distress”, the report said.

--Professor Google, Source Lost in translation

There could be any number of explanations for the change in these numbers, although in a country of 67 million people, 5,000 patients does not seem like a huge number.

Where did Gender Dysphoria Come From?

But let's go back to see where "transgender clinics" came from: Somewhere around 1966, plastic surgeons at the Johns Hopkins Hospital began developing techniques to transform patients who had been "assigned" the male gender but wanted to become female and to transform females into males, anatomically. 

Around this time, Dr. Maria New's pediatric endocrinology department at Cornell reported some curious cases of children who never really felt like girls, and turned out to have some genetic changes which caused profound biochemical changes in the way testosterone and other steroid hormones got made, so their psychological phenomenon had readily apparent biochemical explanations. These patients were born with what looked like female external genitalia but had chromosomes (46 XY) which define male sex/gender.

A little later, Hopkins hired Dr. Paul McHugh (chief of one of Cornell's psychiatric divisions) as the chief of psychiatry and when he arrived in Baltimore, the heads of the transgender medicine enterprise asked him to join the endocrinologists, surgeons, urologists to help run the Transgender Clinic. The first thing McHugh did was to review the data and one thing leapt out at him: 40% of the clinic's patients had either committed suicide or made a very determined effort to commit suicide.  McHugh withdrew psychiatry from the transgender clinic,  with the withering question: If you had a cardiology clinic promulgating a new procedure, and you found it had a 40% mortality rate, would you not put a halt to this approach until you could be sure this approach is safe?

Shortly thereafter, Hopkins closed its transgender program.

Paul McHugh

Abandoning Free Inquiry:

But, for our story, a sidelight to this story has not got enough attention: McHugh found himself the target of repeated attacks, questioning his morality, his professionalism and his very soul. Medical Students at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine refused to speak to him. They noted his Catholic faith and accused him of failing to act as a doctor, but instead embracing Catholic teaching over scientific thinking.

McHugh responded: there is an equally plausible hypothesis: Transgender patients may be more like patients with anorexia nervosa than they were like Maria New's patients. No biochemical abnormality had ever been discovered in the transgender clinic patients, but maybe the transgender patients were simply afflicted, as the anorexia nervosa patients, by a "single wrong idea." The anorexia nervosa patient looks at her 80 pound body at five feet seven inches tall and says, "I'm just too fat!"

A single wrong Idea

The attacks on McHugh continued and grew until he ultimately retired, and they were the harbinger of the wave of reaction directed at any physician who dared question the correctness of Transgender Clinics. Even at Endocrine Society meetings, any criticism of Transgender Clinics was taken as a political statement, a manifestation of intolerance and hostility toward transgender patients.

The topic of transgender medicine could no longer be broached in anything close to an objective or scientific way. 

About 3 years ago, at the Endocrine Society meeting, I attended a session given by some Dutch doctors about their clinic for "Androgen Abuse Syndrome," something we see a fair amount in the US. The patients in this clinic walk in heavily muscled, looking like the Incredible Hulk, asking for testosterone therapy. Of course, they have been using testosterone obtained from "gym rats" and now they want a legal source from an endocrinologist and three weeks before attending the clinic they stop their injections and their testosterone levels fall and they have their ticket to clinic for "low T" (testosterone.) The Dutch treat these folks like patients with anorexia nervosa and sign them up for a "detox" program where they sign contracts not to seek testosterone elsewhere and to taper under supervision. "These men look in the mirror and see a 98 pound weakling," the Dutch doctors noted. From that session I went to the Transgender Clinic session, where the doctor leading it presented a case of a patient they were giving four times the standard dose of testosterone in an effort to stop menstruation. They were giving twice the dose most Androgen Abuse patients were taking when they entered that clinic. I quickly texted the American moderator of the Androgen Abuse session and asked, "How is this Transgender Clinic not guilty of 'androgen abuse?'"  He replied, "Well, if it's for gender affirming care, it's not abuse."

Thus is the state of thinking among folks who are supposed to be objective scientists--or thus was the thinking before the Cass report.

That all changed once the Cass paper appeared.

Asking the Uncomfortable Questions:

The big issues remained:

1/ The suicide rate: always disputed and deconstructed, but most clinic heads agreed the suicide (or serious attempt) rate  remains stubbornly around 40%. This is taken as an indicator not of a failure of therapy, but of the stress society puts on transgender patients.

2/ The risks of using prodigious doses of testosterone for some patients, sometimes up to 8 times the standard doses.

3/ The difficulty in assessing what success is. Polgreen says the measure of success in the Cass paper is whether patients can enter a life which society deems a success--satisfying sex, employment, good citizenship. Whatever measure you use, it has to be, necessarily, the ultimate satisfaction, the "happiness" of the patient. There is no lab test you can order to show success.

4/ "Transgender regret"--Cass's report suggests many if not most transgender clinic patients who wanted to go female to male go back to wanting to be females after some years. The Dutch found a relatively smaller proportion expressing regret at their decisions to "transition," although the Dutch refuse to allow patients to transition until after they are 18, and will not allow drivers' licenses to be changed to the opposite sex unless males have been castrated.

Polgreen calls the Cass report a "powerful piece of ammunition in American reactionaries' war on trans young people." She says Cass's attempts to find a cause for gender dysphoria render it a "strange document." Polgreen says, "What I have come to realize is that this report, for all its claims of impartiality, is fundamentally a subjective, political document."

What has flummoxed Polgreen, is the sympathy expressed for transgender patients throughout the report, which is no screed. Cass and her colleagues clearly want the best for these folks, who, after all, are suffering. She cannot simply accuse Cass of the subterranean prejudice they laid on McHugh.

Polgreen spins off into the usual politics herself: "For years, doctors belittled the suffering of people, especially women, with unexplained pain, fatigue or brain fog...For much of its history this care was withheld or offered with the kind of contempt you'd expect for people who have been treated as pariahs for their failure to conform to society's gender expectations...a dark and cruel history."

Answering Cass's observation that we do not have longterm studies to assess the efficacy and/or desirability of treatment, Polgreen shrugs this off: There are many areas of pediatric medicine where treatment has proceeded with very limited evidence base for long-term consequences, like neonatal intensive care and, more recently, new weight-loss medicines prescribed for obese children."

Of course, these are two very bad examples, as it was prima facia obvious pediatric NICU's would be advantageous, and you didn't need studies to know that; and the risks of GLP1 agonists for weight loss are clearly safer and as effective as bariatric surgery, the only alternative.

Polgreen quotes "a group of scholars and clinicians including to Yale professors" as saying "pediatric care would all but cease if physicians denied treatments for which the evidence base is imperfect." 

This is, of course, abducto ad absurdum. Nobody, including Cass, demands perfect evidence.

Polgreen quotes a patient as saying, "It just felt like they were finding any reason to 'disprove' me being trans in my first appointment." Well, duh! Of course the doctors wanted to explore the alternative before accepting the patient's own diagnosis and rushing forth into treatment.

"The report is shot through with language like that. It seems to encourage everything that can be done to preserve the possibility that a child might turn out not to be transgender and avoids anything that might too enthusiastically affirm a child's sense of themselves."

Well, yes, when you are talking about cutting off a person's testicles and penis and creating a new vaginal vault surgically, or doing bilateral mastectomies, yes, you might want to be sure there will be no regrets later, after you have cross that Rubicon, especially knowing there's 40% chance of that patient jumping off a roof five years later.

She ends with the appeal to the right to the doctor/patient relationship: "In a free society, we agree that these are private matters, decided by individual and their families with the support of doctors...We invite politicians and judges into them at great peril to our freedom."

The problem is Transgender Clinics are big money. They can be cash cows for institutions by the time you add up all the endocrine/psychiatry/urologic surgery/ breast surgery consults. That sacred "doctor/patient" relationship may be tinged with the desire to generate dollars for the institution. One case presented at Endocrine Society was of a patient who had transitioned from male to female, but still had his penis and testes intact and his female lesbian partner, who wanted IVF using his sperm and her egg at a cost we can only imagine, when, in fact, for no cost, a standard coital episode might accomplish the same end, without the taxpayer paying for it.

And in the United Kingdom, the "right" to this expensive therapy comes under government scrutiny because that NHS is under great economic pressure already.

Dr. Cass's report has, if nothing else, allowed doctors the space to say, "Let's measure twice and cut once," without being Paul McHugh'ed and hounded from the conference room. 

What the Cass report has done, which citizen Polgreen so decries is insist on rigorous evaluation, to raise questions about treatment programs which should have been asked all along, but which were excluded on ideological grounds, which turned medical practice into a branch of politics and political correctness. 

Hilary Cass and Those Uncomfortable Questions: The Orthodoxy of Transgender Medicine

Hilary Cass, a Scottish pediatrician has done a courageous thing: She has insisted on critically evaluating the science behind current medical practice.

Dr. Hilary Cass

And not just any medical practice, a practice which in the commercial medical system of the United States has become a mighty industry, and in the socialized national health systems of Scandinavia, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom has skyrocketed into a huge cost and some would say, burden, for those publicly funded systems: Transgender Clinics.

Her report was commissioned and prompted owing to the explosion in demand for transgender care seen across Europe. Some have asked, "Where have all these kids been, until now?" Tens of thousands of children from age 10 to 18 have been brought to clinic by their parents with the chief complaint: I do not feel like a girl, although I was born a girl. I'm in the wrong body. I am the wrong sex for what I am.

This is called "gender dysphoria."

This complaint is not new, but what is new is the vast numbers of children presenting for care.

Some have claimed these kids were always out there in the real world, but like homosexuals, they were in the closet, afraid to report the torment they were going through.

Unlike homosexuals, however, these children are not seeking to be simply left alone; these children are patients because they are presenting themselves asking doctors to help them, and this help takes the form of powerful hormones and, ultimately for some, reconstructive surgery and castration.

More than fifty years ago, patients with a variety of abnormalities in production of various hormones, usually testosterone or its downstream products, were described, and some of these people were born with "ambiguous genitalia" which could not be clearly called either scrotum or vulva, penis or clitoris. Some were born with normal appearing female external genitalia, i.e. vulva, clitoris, but who in fact did not have female internal genitalia (i.e. uterus, ovaries). But these patients could be understood biochemically and ultimately, genetically. 

The current wave of patients presenting to transgender clinics have no such biochemical or genetic abnormalities yet identified.

Curiously, Dr. Cass notes, over the past decade most of the flood of patients have been requesting female to male transition, which was not the case twenty years ago.

When she looked at the data to try to ascertain the fates of kids who had been "transitioned" to the opposite gender, it was not clear, but it appeared many if not most of the preadolescents treated at the clinics had, by age 18, reverted to identifying as the gender they had originally been designated at birth, mostly female.

Simply put, these children had "outgrown" their problem or "got over it." (Not Dr. Cass's words)

I was particularly interested in this report because this whole phenomenon has been such an anomaly in medicine: It is the only session at the Endocrine Society meetings where scientific method, open inquiry and challenging the data and conclusions presented were shouted down and treated as heresy, blasphemy really. To question what was being done in the Transgender Clinic was to declare yourself as one of "them," the censorious world of bigots who, blinded by hate and intolerance, refused to acknowledge the suffering of this cohort of patients.

Paul McHugh, MD

In fact, this reaction was not new or confined to the Endocrine Society: Dr. Paul McHugh was vilified at Johns Hopkins after he questioned the Transgender Clinic programs which included surgery to transform female to male and male to female. Medical students refused to even speak with  him. At Johns Hopkins!

McHugh arrived at Hopkins in 1975  to assume the chair of the Department of Psychiatry, and one of the first things he was asked to do was to integrate psychiatry into the Hopkins Transgender Clinic, which included  plastic surgery, gynecology, urology and endocrinology.  And, being a scientist, he sat down to review the data and one thing leapt out at him: The patients at the clinic were committing suicide (or making serious attempts, not just gestures) at a rate exceeding 45%.  He asked: if you had a program in cardiology or surgery which had a 45% death rate, would you not pause that operation to re-evaluate it? 

Galelio

Hopkins had been doing sex reassignment surgery since 1966, but it was hoping to ramp it up in 1975. McHugh withdrew psychiatry from the program. By 1979, the Hopkins sex reassignment surgery program was discontinued. 

In 2017, McHugh wrote an amicus brief in a Supreme Court case outlining his objections: 

--Policy Should Not be Used to Enforce Bad Medicine — Treating Gender Dysphoria Through Social Transition and Mandatory Gender Affirmation Rests on Unreliable Testimonials

-- Social Transition Encourages a Gender Dysphoric Person to Indulge in a Falsehood, Which does not Address the Root Issues Causing Clinical Distress and Makes it Harder for the Mind to Accept Reality

--Hormone Therapy has not been Proven Beneficial, and there are Harmful Consequences to Artificially Manipulating the Body

--Surgical Intervention has not Proven Beneficial, and there are Harmful Consequences to Surgically Altering Healthy Bodies

--There is Insufficient Scientific Evidence to Support Treating Gender Dysphoric Children as if They are the Opposite Sex

-- Gender Dysphoric Children Suffer from a Psychological Disorder that Can Be Resolved through Therapy in Many Cases

--Gender Affirmation and Medical Intervention for Gender Dysphoric Children is Not Helpful, and Can be Harmful

--Protocols Calling for Social Affirmation, Hormone Treatment, and Sex Reassignment Surgery are a Reflection of Ideology and Activism, Not Evidence Based Medicine

 His basic argument was, and is still, that gender dysphoria is analogous to anorexia nervosa, where a 90 pound woman who is 5'7" looks in the mirror and says, "I'm so FAT!" She has a single "wrong idea" and the child with gender dysphoria is similarly afflicted. He was arguing that the doctors in the Clinic were participating in confirming that wrong idea to the patient and to the patient's family. 

Attending the Endocrine Society meetings some years ago, I went to a session on "Androgen Abuse Syndrome" where cases of men who looked like the Incredible Hulk, with huge musculature, visited clinics asking for testosterone injections because they looked in the mirror and saw themselves as 98 pound weaklings. In Dutch clinics,  patients signed contracts to taper themselves off exogenous testosterone, run on the model of their opiate addiction clinics and their anorexia nervosa clinics. 

My next session was the Transgender Medicine session, where the speakers readily admitted the suicide rates in their clinics had always exceeded 40%, and showed no signs of declining--which they attributed not to anything they might be doing to their patients, but to the pressures society puts on transgender people. 

The doctors in these clinics were using doses of testosterone which were 4-5 times higher than I had ever used to treat males.  I was stunned, and I texted the man from University of Michigan who had led the "Androgen Abuse" session, and he replied, "There is nothing wrong with that, because these doses are being used in gender affirming therapy."

So in one patient, we've got him signing contracts to taper himself off testosterone, and in another patient we are giving patients orders of magnitude higher doses to affirm their new gender.

One case presented was a male to female (still with penis and testicles) and the lesbian partner who wanted expensive IVF treatments to get pregnant. Nobody asked, wait, what kind of sex are they having?

Another case of a female to male was being given testosterone in 5 times the usual dose because menstruation had not been ablated and the monthly menstrual flow was undermining the patient's new identity as a male.

We are not talking science here. We are talking faith.

The problem with complaining about Transgender Clinics is you immediately find yourself grouped with Marjorie Taylor Greene and the "there are only two genders" crowd, or with Abigail Shrier, who wrote a screed calling Transgender Medicine part of a "craze," doing irreparable harm to young people. 

What doctors crave is a pathway to the truth, and the way there is, and always has been, the dispassionate, rigorous pathway and in the case of transgender medicine, this has been discarded by the medical profession, until now, until Dr. Cass published her report.

A Single Wrong Idea

 

Watching the Netflix Australian melodrama/saga "A Place to Call Home,"  Mad Dog has been swept along by the characters in a way he hasn't felt since "Downton Abbey" but the experience is the flip side of the Downton coin: In Downton the Earl of Grantham is constantly pulled back toward doing the kind and just thing rather than what the requirements and expectations of class and orthodoxy demand. 

In Call Home, we see no such concession to the humane, as the members of this particular upper crust family are slowly eaten alive by the strictures and misapprehensions imposed by class and virulent disdain for the underclass and the reviled minorities.

The central plot follows Bridget Sarah Adams, a woman born to a Catholic mother devout unto Hellfire and her gradual entanglement with the Bligh family at their estate suitably named Ash Park, and it is a place deep in the ashes of a world of the walking dead, cremated but unaware of it.

Of all the conflicts explored, the most raw and explosive is the homosexuality of the much beloved son, James, on whom the continuance of the dynasty depends. This is 1955, and the idea shared by virtually all the males of that era is that homosexuality is:

1. Disgusting

2. A perversion 

3. A disease in need of cure.

The women are, on the whole, much more open to the idea that male homosexuals should be accepted for their "nature," but various among them are appalled, scandalized, until at some point James' wife realizes there is more to the man than his sexual predilection and she embraces the soul of her husband rather than rejecting the problem his sexuality presents.

But this is not a blog post about "A Place  To Call Home." It's about the idea that  "single wrong idea" can drive the  prolonged, excruciating, wrong headed effort  to "cure" James of his homosexuality.

As has been said before by homosexuals: "Who would want to be born this way?" James emphatically wants to be attracted not to men but to women. He agrees, initially to undergo any treatment which can change him. 

The doctors who are very sure of the correctness of their approach, using first electroshock/convulsive (ECT) therapy and then proposing frontal lobotomy. The physician in charge makes Nurse Ratched of "One Flew Over the Cukoo's Nest" look like Mary Poppins. 

James' father reacts viscerally to the revelation his son is a homosexual. He has only recently learned James tried to commit suicide and now he knows why, and the father says, "Perhaps it would have bene better for everyone if you had succeeded." But father is brought to his senses by Sarah and James' wife, Livvy. 

Father has signed James into the clinic and only father can liberate James from it, but he does not know exactly what goes on in the efforts to exorcise James' demons, although Sarah is able to identify some clues: the bruises from the restraints on wrists and legs, the burn marks on the temples from the ECT.  

As viewers, we are spared no details as James is "treated' and suffers under the "care" of the doctor and the staff. This is some of the most excruciating TV ever screened.

Watching all this unfold in 2021, now that most people accept the notion homosexuality is not a "disease" which demands "therapy" we cringe, and we are outraged at the doctors who are so officious, so sure, so wrong.

But I saw something more, something I know others do not see. I saw this as a representation of what we are seeing in 2021 in another sort of clinic, where a single wrong idea drives suffering and despair: The Transgender Clinic.

The "single wrong idea" hypothesis about gender dysphoria is that this is a condition in which the basic nature of the problem is very much like that of the homosexual, an inexplicable root nature which causes some people to feel they were assigned the wrong gender by their parents, their doctors, their society. "I'm a girl trapped in the body of a boy." 

The argument is made that like homosexuality, "gender dysphoria" is simply a matter of "nature" and like homosexuality, this unalterable fact should be accepted, embraced and nurtured, and of course, something everyone would agree with: the person suffering should not be made to suffer more, but should be helped in whatever way we can. 

The "single wrong idea" concept was actually first explored not about gender dysphoria or homosexuality but about another type of person altogether:  It is the operative mode for the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Few would argue that the 18 year old woman, who is five feet six inches tall and weighs 85 pounds, and looks at herself standing naked before the mirror and says, "I am so fat!" perceives her situation correctly. She suffers from what the psychiatrist Paul McHugh calls, a "wrong idea" which dominates her life and frequently leads to death.

McHugh notes that few people would argue with the doctor who tells the anorexia nervosa patient she has a wrong idea about what is wrong with her. 

Paul McHugh, MD

McHugh arrived at Johns Hopkins Hospital years ago to chair the department of Psychiatry and was asked to coordinate the psychiatric services for the Hopkins Transgender Medicine Clinic and he discovered that roughly 40% of its patients committed suicide within three years of being enrolled in the clinic. He promptly put a hold on the Department of Psychiatry's participation until he could explore just what was happening in the Transgender Clinic. The more he investigated, the more disturbed he became.

Patients at Hopkins who believe themselves to be female but  born male underwent surgery to remove the penis, testicles and to construct a cavity which could function as a workable vagina by the Department of Urology. General surgery augmented breast size. Endocrinology provided estrogen and progesterone hormones. Psychiatry spoke with the patients and learned about their reactions to what had been done and to support their "transition."

McHugh became the focus of intense fury for questioning the program and ultimately opposing it. He was accused of homophobia, transgender-o-phobia, a hate monger and of being an agent of the Pope determined to undermine liberating therapy.

Medical students at Hopkins shunned him, refused to speak to him. The internet went wild making him a pariah, as if he wished to harm the patients who sought care at the Transgender Clinic. 

McHugh bore all this recrimination with a sigh, and responded that he was pretty sure, in the end, as time passed he was the one who would be sleeping well at night, not his critics and certainly not the doctors who ran these clinics.

In "A Place to Call Home" he would have been helping James limp out of the sexual deviance treatment clinic, a place ruled by a wrong idea.

Mad Dog sees that people who believe they have a transgender problem are different from homosexuals in one crucial way: Homosexuals do not need therapy to achieve a life of happiness--all they need is to be left alone, not tormented by others. But the transgender patient cannot achieve his/her goal alone; he/she needs hormones, sometimes surgery, in short he/she needs the cooperation of a physician and is, therefore, a patient.

And the "single wrong idea" concept is inverted in the case of the transgender clinic and the conversion therapy clinic for homosexuals: In the case of the conversion clinic the medical authorities were trying to destroy something in the patient; in the case of the transgender clinic, the medical authorities are trying to "affirm" the patient is correct. But each clinic got it wrong. And each clinic committed substantial harm to those who sought help there. 

Mad Dog knows he does not understand what drives the problem in transgender patients. He does not know if it is a single cause or a final common pathway coming from many directions. He does know there are certain well studied cases of patients who have certain biochemical abnormalities which makes them unable to make adequate levels of male hormone while in utero, during "the first puberty" and these folks wind up playing with toy guns and chasing boys around the playground as "tomboys" who never really felt like girls. And there are the 5 alpha reductase deficient people who "grow a penis" at puberty. So there are some known biochemical reasons for gender confusion.  But patients at Transgender Clinics can be screened for all that. And the vast majority have no identifiable biochemical abnormality.

At the most recent conference Mad Dog attended on Transgender Medicine the head of one of the largest clinics was asked about his clinic's suicide rate. "About 40%," he said, with a shrug, "Pretty much what every other clinic sees."

"My God!" thought Mad Dog. What other form of therapy would be allowed to go forward with a number like that?  If clinics for coronary artery bypass surgery or gastric bypass surgery had a 40% mortality rate, would they be allowed to continue?

Mad Dog has no answers. He only knows McHugh is not wrong. He sees this is a topic which even at an Endocrine Society meeting, that ultimate shrine of dispassionate analysis, academia all rational discussion is blown out of the water and emotions from the transgender clinic doctors, nurses, patient advocates stamp out all other questions and discussion. We have, pretty much, what you see in the clinic to treat the "depravity and perversion" in "A Place Called Home."

McHugh would say the person suffering from the feeling he/she has been assigned the wrong gender is suffering from a single wrong idea, just as a patient with anorexia nervosa is.  Thus, he would resist the request to cut off penises, to institute hormone therapy.  Is he correct? Mad Dog does not know. 

But one thing Mad Dog does know is that Clinics can be shops of horror.